#tutoring

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Generative AI without guardrails can harm learning

A 2025 PNAS field experiment showing that unrestricted GPT-4 access improved assisted practice performance but reduced later unaided performance, while tutor guardrails largely mitigated the harm.

Source growing

AI tutoring outperforms in-class active learning

A 2025 randomized crossover study in introductory college physics reporting higher short-term learning gains and engagement with a carefully scaffolded AI tutor.